DIABETES
Key Facts
- The number of people living with diabetes rose from 200 million in 1990 to 830 million in 2022. Prevalence has been rising more rapidly in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
- More than half of people living with diabetes did not take medication for their diabetes in 2022. Diabetes treatment coverage was lowest in low- and middle-income countries.
- Diabetes causes blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke, and lower limb amputation.
- In 2021, diabetes and kidney disease due to diabetes caused over 2 million deaths. In addition, around 11% of cardiovascular deaths were caused by high blood glucose.
- A healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body weight, and avoiding tobacco use are ways to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
- Diabetes can be treated and its consequences avoided or delayed with diet, physical activity, medication, and regular screening and treatment for complications.
Overview
Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose. Hyperglycaemia, also called raised blood glucose or raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time leads to serious damage to many of the body's systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels.
In 2022, 14% of adults aged 18 years and older were living with diabetes, an increase from 7% in 1990. More than half (59%) of adults aged 30 years and over living with diabetes were not taking medication for their diabetes in 2022. Diabetes treatment coverage was lowest in low- and middle-income countries.
In 2021, diabetes was the direct cause of 1.6 million deaths and 47% of all deaths due to diabetes occurred before the age of 70 years. Another 530,000 kidney disease deaths were caused by diabetes, and high blood glucose causes around 11% of cardiovascular deaths.
Since 2000, mortality rates from diabetes have been increasing. By contrast, the probability of dying from any one of the four main noncommunicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, or diabetes) between the ages of 30 and 70 decreased by 20% globally between 2000 and 2019.
Symptoms Of Diabetes Include
Symptoms of diabetes may occur suddenly. In type 2 diabetes, the symptoms can be mild and may take many years to be noticed.
Over time, diabetes can damage blood vessels in the heart, eyes, kidneys, and nerves.
People with diabetes have a higher risk of health problems including heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure.
Diabetes can cause permanent vision loss by damaging blood vessels in the eyes.
Many people with diabetes develop problems with their feet from nerve damage and poor blood flow. This can cause foot ulcers and may lead to amputation.
Type 1 Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose. Hyperglycaemia, also called raised blood glucose or raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time leads to serious damage to many of the body's systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels.
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes affects how your body uses sugar (glucose) for energy. It stops the body from using insulin properly, which can lead to high levels of blood sugar if not treated.
Over time, type 2 diabetes can cause serious damage to the body, especially nerves and blood vessels.
Type 2 diabetes is often preventable. Factors that contribute to developing type 2 diabetes include being overweight, not getting enough exercise, and genetics.
Early diagnosis is important to prevent the worst effects of type 2 diabetes. The best way to detect diabetes early is to get regular check-ups and blood tests with a healthcare provider.
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes can be mild. They may take several years to be noticed. Symptoms may be similar to those of type 1 diabetes but are often less marked. As a result, the disease may be diagnosed several years after onset, after complications have already arisen.
More than 95% of people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes was formerly called non-insulin dependent, or adult onset. Until recently, this type of diabetes was seen only in adults but it is now also occurring increasingly frequently in children.
Gestational Diabetes
- Gestational diabetes is hyperglycaemia with blood glucose values above normal but below those diagnostic of diabetes. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy.
- Women with gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of complications during pregnancy and at delivery. These women and possibly their children are also at increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the future.
- Gestational diabetes is diagnosed through prenatal screening, rather than through reported symptoms.
Prevention
- Lifestyle changes are the best way to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
- To help prevent type 2 diabetes and its complications, people should:
- Gestational diabetes is diagnosed through prenatal screening, rather than through reported symptoms.
Maintain a healthy body weight
Get 150 minutes of moderate exercise weekly.
Eat healthy, Avoid sugar and saturated fats.
Avoid Smoking
Diagnosis And Treatment
- Early diagnosis can be accomplished through relatively inexpensive testing of blood glucose. People with type 1 diabetes need insulin injections for survival.
- One of the most important ways to treat diabetes is to keep a healthy lifestyle.
- Some people with type 2 diabetes will need to take medicines to help manage their blood sugar levels. These can include insulin injections or other medicines.
- Metformin
- Sulfonylureas
- Sodium-glucose co-transporters type 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors.
- Along with medicines to lower blood sugar, people with diabetes often need medications to lower their blood pressure and statins to reduce the risk of complications.
- Additional medical care may be needed to treat the effects of diabetes:
Foot Care for Ulcer Treatment
Kidney Disease Screening and Treatment
Eye Exams for Retinopathy Screening
Frequently Asked Questions
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Why should I consult Dr. Rajib Gayan?
Dr. Rajib Gayan is a specialist in Diabetology , Cardiology,Critical Care Medicine. He has more than 25 years of experience
Why is it best to consult a specialist?
A specialist doctor is trained to treat complex health conditions in their particular field. If you are diagnosed with a condition, it is best to consult a doctor who specializes in dealing with that particular condition.
What are the different modes of consultation?
Dr. Rajib Gayan provides different modes of consultation for you to choose from as per your convenience. You can choose to book a clinic appointment in Trinayan Hospital or you can also consult the doctor online via video or telephonic call. Please click here to book an appointment
Are safety guidelines followed in Dr. Rajib Gayan's consultation chamber?
Yes, our staff and clinic follows all safety protocols and we take appropriate measures to ensure a safe environment for our patients, including social distancing and hand sanitizing stations..
What is diabetes?
Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. It occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin (a hormone that regulates blood sugar) or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. There are three main types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.
What are the symptoms of diabetes?
Common symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, slow wound healing, and recurrent infections. However, some people with diabetes may not experience any symptoms, especially in the early stages of the disease.
How is diabetes diagnosed?
Diabetes is typically diagnosed through blood tests that measure fasting blood sugar levels, oral glucose tolerance tests, or hemoglobin A1c tests. These tests help determine whether blood sugar levels are within normal ranges and can aid in diagnosing diabetes or prediabetes.
What are the risk factors for developing diabetes?
Risk factors for diabetes include being overweight or obese, having a family history of diabetes, leading a sedentary lifestyle, having high blood pressure or high cholesterol levels, and belonging to certain ethnic or racial groups (such as African American, Hispanic, Native American, or Asian).
How is diabetes treated?
Treatment for diabetes aims to control blood sugar levels and prevent complications. Depending on the type of diabetes and individual factors, treatment may include lifestyle modifications (such as diet and exercise), oral medications, insulin therapy, and monitoring blood sugar levels regularly.
Can diabetes be prevented?
While some risk factors for diabetes, such as family history and ethnicity, cannot be changed, adopting a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. This includes maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
What are the complications of diabetes?
Untreated or poorly managed diabetes can lead to various complications, including heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage (neuropathy), vision problems (retinopathy), foot problems, and skin conditions. Managing blood sugar levels and following a comprehensive diabetes care plan can help prevent or delay these complications.
Can diabetes affect other parts of the body?
Yes, diabetes can affect multiple organ systems in the body. It can damage blood vessels and nerves, leading to cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, eye problems, nerve damage, and foot complications. Managing diabetes effectively is essential to prevent or minimize the impact on other parts of the body.
How often should someone with diabetes see an Diabetologist?
The frequency of visits to an Diabetologist may vary depending on individual factors such as the type of diabetes, overall health status, and treatment plan. In general, people with diabetes should have regular check-ups with their endocrinologist at least every 3 to 6 months to monitor blood sugar levels, adjust treatment as needed, and address any concerns or complications .
How long will my appointment take?
The length of your appointment is determined by the clinical condition or history being treated, as well as whether or not old document eg- Blood test Any old treatment related documents are required. Please allow at least half hour for doctors to provide personalized attention and high-quality care.
Do I need to bring anything at my first appointment?
You may bring the following documents, if available: ID Proof Prior medication list Any prior diagnosis documentation - reports etc..
What are the payment options available?
E.g, You can pay using a variety of methods such as Internet Banking, Debit/Credit card, Wallet, UPI, and so on.
Do we serve all over India?
We are currently based in Nagaon, Assam, however, we offer services nationwide via online consultations..
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Contact
Hospital Address:-
Trinayan Hospital, NH Byepass, Borghat, Nagaon, Assam 782001
Location - Trinayan Hospital
Phone: +91 9401659001
Clinic address:-
Dr Rajib Gayan | Trinayan Clinic , ADP road, Christian Patty, Nagaon, Assam 782001